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M94A0713.TXT
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1994-10-21
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Document 0713
DOCN M94A0713
TI Cytomegalovirus infections in people with HIV.
DT 9412
AU van der Horst C; University of North Carolina.
SO Annu Conf Australas Soc HIV Med. 1993 Oct 28-30;5:24 (abstract no.
SPI-2). Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE ASHM5/94348942
AB By the time of death up to 40% of HIV infected people will develop life
or sight threatening CMV infections. With some rare exceptions most of
these infections will occur when the CD4 count drops below 100 cells/mm3
and usually do not occur until the CD4 count is less than 50 for 12
months. Diagnosis requires direct examination (retinitis, esophageal
ulcers, colitis, polyradiculomyelopathy), radiologic studies
(MRI-encephalitis), biopsy (ulcers, colitis), culture/PCR
(polyradiculomyelopathy/encephalitis), or other lab tests (cortisol
level-adrenalitis). The treatment varies for each diagnosis with the
most information available for retinitis. Both foscarnet and ganciclovir
(GCV) are equally efficacious in treating retinitis with relapse usually
occurring in 2 months. Several studies suggest that foscarnet may
prolong life in HIV patients by an average of 4-5 months. This could be
due to its direct anti-HIV effect or its bonemarrow sparing effect thus
allowing concomittant use of anti-retrovirals. The dose for induction is
ganciclovir 5 mg/kg twice each day or foscarnet 60 mg/kg three times
each day. The length of induction is usually 2 weeks but should be
determined by clinical response assessed by retinal exam. Both drugs
should be adjusted for renal disease. Side effects of GCV include bone
marrow toxicity and thus AZT should be stopped during induction.
Foscarnet results in electrolyte disorders with nephrotoxicity,
hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypophosphatemia. Therapy for
retinitis must be lifelong with maintainance dose of GCV 5 mg/kg daily
for 7 days or 6-7 mg/kg daily for 5 days. Foscarnet's maintainance dose
is 90-120 mg/kg 7 days each week. At the time of the second relapse on
GCV serious consideration should be given to switching therapy to
foscarnet as resistance develops over time to GCV.
DE AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/DIAGNOSIS/*DRUG THERAPY
Cytomegalovirus Infections/DIAGNOSIS/*DRUG THERAPY Cytomegalovirus
Retinitis/DIAGNOSIS/DRUG THERAPY Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug
Administration Schedule Drug Therapy, Combination Foscarnet/ADVERSE
EFFECTS/*THERAPEUTIC USE Ganciclovir/ADVERSE EFFECTS/*THERAPEUTIC USE
Human Zidovudine/ADVERSE EFFECTS/THERAPEUTIC USE MEETING ABSTRACT
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).